HOW TO MAKE SOAP
1. Making soap
Ways of making soap generally use the material in the form of oil
and alkali through saponification process. The word saponification or saponify
has the meaning of making soap taken from the Latin meaning sapon which means
soap danc combined with the suffix -fy is the ending in English which means
making. The history of soap making begins with the ancient Romans who started
making soaps since 2300 years ago by heating the mixture of animal fat with
wood ash. Furthermore in the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe the soap was
only used in the field of medicine. It was not until the 19th century the use
of soap began to spread
2. Function of soap
Soap is one of the required toiletries in the bathroom. Almost
everyone has a bath soap in their home and almost everyone can always use a
bath soap when they want to take a bath. The main function of bath soap is to
rid yourself of various kinds of dirt and germs. Because it has a function or
role that is so important that everyone will need it. The basic function of soap
that was originally just to cleanse the body, has now shifted and is more than
just a body dirt cleaner. Maybe you know beauty soap
3. Saponification Process in Making Soap
Saponification is the hydrolysis reaction of fatty acids by the
presence of strong bases (eg NaOH). The soap mainly contains c12 and c16 but
also contains carboxylic acids. Saponification reactions between triglycerides
and strong bases produce products of soap and glycerol. Saponification
processes in soap manufacture involve animal fat (tallow) or oil. The oil is
composed of fatty acids comprising long hydrocarbon chains (C-12 to C18) bonded
to form carboxyl groups. Short chain fatty acids are rarely used because they
produce less foam. The saponification reaction is nothing but the basic
hydrolysis of an ester with an alkali (NaOH, KOH).
4. Tool and material of soap making
A. material
· Oil or Fats - Almost all natural oils / fats can be made into soap.
Find the easy ones like: Coconut Oil, Palm Oil, Olive Oil, Corn Oil, Soybean Oil
· NaOH / KOH - To convert oil / fat into soap. Can buy in chemical
stores, take the technical ones
· Water - As a catalyst / solvent. Choose distilled water or bottled
water. Water from pam is not good, lots of minerals
· Essential and Fragrance Oils - As fragrances. Buy in chemicals
stores or other
· Dye - To dye soap. Can also
use food coloring
· Additives - Spices, herbs,
talc, starch / cornstarch can be added at the time of "trace"
B. material
- A simple mask - Used during the manufacture of NaOH / KOH solution only
- Glasses - Used during the manufacture of NaOH / KOH solution only
- A pair of rubber gloves - Used during soap making
- Plastic bottles - For water containers
- Kitchen scales (with the smallest scale 1 or 5 grams)
- Small plastic bag - To weigh NaOH / KOH
- Stainless steel spoon or polypropylene plastic - To pour NaOH / KOH and stir it
- Containers of glass or plastic-polypropylene - To place NaOH / KOH solution with water
- Plastic containers - For weighing and place of water and oil
- Fabric - To close the mold after soap filled
- Thin plastic - To coat the mold
- Prints - to print the mold soap to your taste
- Blender with lid
- Cloth - To close the blender
5. How to make soap
a)
Weigh
the water and NaOH / KOH, according to the Recipe. Dissolve NaOH / KOH into
cool / cold water (Do not use aluminum containers Use stainless steel, pyrex
glass or polyproplen plastics). Do not pour water into NaOH / KOH. Pour NaOH /
KOH into the water little by little. Stir higga soluble. First the solution
will be hot and whitish. After dissolving everything, keep it in a safe place
to cool down to room temperature. There will be a clear solution
b)
Weigh
oil (Coconut Oil, Palm Oil, Olive Oil, Corn Oil, Soybean Oil ...) in accordance
with the Prescription
c)
Pour
the oil that has been weighed into the blender
d)
Be
careful in pouring NaOH / KOH solution into the oil
e)
Attach
the blender cover, place the cloth on top of the cover to avoid splashing and
the process at the lowest turn. Avoid splashing to your face or body. Stop the
blender and check the soap to see the "trace" stage.
"Trace" is a condition in which soap is formed and is the end of the
stirring process. The sign is when the soap mixture starts to coagulate. When
touched with a spoon, then a few seconds former spoon was still imprint, that's
why called "trace"
f)
At
the time of "trace" you can add fragrances, dyes or additives. Stir
for a few seconds then stop the blender round
g)
Pour
the results of this soap into the mold. Cover with fabric for insulation. Keep
the soap in the mold for one to two days. Then remove from the mold, cut to
taste. Store at least 3 weeks before use
Notes for safety:
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) / Sodium Hydroxide / lye / caustic soda /
caustic soda are the main ingredients other than oils in soap making. Through
chemical reactions, NaOH converts oil or fat into soap. In addition, NaOH is
also needed to create shampoo and body lotion. In making this alkaline solution
(water + NaOH), there are several things to note include:
· Use long-sleeved shirts, protective eye glasses, masks and rubber
gloves. Precautionary principle is necessary because this fluid can cause
blindness when exposed to the eye, or cause a burning sensation when it comes
to the skin. Also provide vinegar, this is to anticipate if the skin exposed to
alkaline fluids
· Do it in open space, for example in a park or in a place that has
free air. Do not breathe the air out of this solution
· Always put NaOH into the water (slowly) and not vice versa. If you
do the opposite, will result in a very dangerous outburst for the skin and eyes
· Keep out of the reach of children / exclude children altogether
Please you mention soap properties.
BalasHapusThe properties of Soap
Hapus1) The soap is the alkali salt of the high fatty acid so that it will be partially hydrolyzed by water. Therefore, the soap solution in water is alkaline.
CH3 (CH2) 16COONa + H2O CH3 (CH2) 16COOH + OH- ... (1)
2) If the soap solution in water is stirred, it will produce foam, this event will not occur in the water of the container. In this case the soap may produce foam after the salts of Mg or Ca in the water settle.
CH3 (CH2) 16COONa + CaSO4 Na2SO4 + Ca (CH3 (CH2) 16COO) 2 ... (2)
3) The soap has a cleansing properties. This property is due to the chemical process of colloids, soap (sodium salt from fatty acids) used to wash the polar and non polar dirt, because the soap has polar and non polar groups. The soap molecule has a CH3 (CH2) 16 hydrogen chain which acts as a hydrophobic tail (dislikes water) and dissolves in organic matter while COONa + is a hydrophilic (water-like) head and water-soluble. Non polar CH3 (CH2) 16 (soluble in oil, hydrophobic and also separates non polar impurities). Polar COONa + (water soluble, hydrophilic and also separates polar impurities)
Why on making solid soap should use NaOH as alkali?
BalasHapusAlkali is a water-soluble base material, alkali usually has a pH of more than 7. Examples of alkali commonly used in the manufacture of soap sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). When using NaOH it will produce a solid / hard / stem soap. If using KOH it will produce a mild soap, dissolved into water into liquid soap. So simply Oil + Alkali = Soap + Glycerin. We can not release alkali in soap making. Seamlessly any soap must still use alkali
HapusWhat are the benefits of soap in their daily lives?
BalasHapusHere are 8 benefits of soap for the household:
Hapus1. Insect repellent
For centuries, soap has also been used as a pesticide, a pest-killing agent in plants. However, do not use more than 2 tablespoons of soap into 3.8 liters of water because too much soap can kill plants. Substances contained in the soap can damage insect membrane cells, turn them off by making them dehydrated
2. Wood floor cleaner
Soap can also be used to clean the wooden floor. However, the soap should be natural and contains many emollients, soaps with excellent emollient content to clean the wooden floor of the house to make it shiny.
3. Pelicin rust
Rub the coir on a rusty nuts or bolt to make it work again. You can also use for door hinges that hinge creaks. Use soap to smooth the hinges and muffle the sound.
4. Cleansing of leather
Horse or saddle soap is an ancient material that can be used to cleanse leather materials. You can make it by mixing ingredients, such as 56 grams of jojoba oil, 56 grams of olive oil, 28 grams of grater or soap slices, 84 grams of water, and 28 grams of alcohol. Heat jojoba oil, olives, and soaps with medium temperature. After everything has melted, remove from the stove and add water and alcohol. After that, stir until all the ingredients are well blended. This preparation can last up to 6 months if you put it in a jar with a tight cap.
5. Laundry
Almost everyone washed his clothes with detergent. If you have a good home water quality, then it is better to use bar of soap made from natural to wash clothes. Basically, bar soap is very good for cleaning dirt on clothes.
6. Glass cleaner
Soap can also be used to clean the new glass. After that, you can clean it with vinegar. When the glass is cleaned with soap, the result looks clean and not dull.
7. Anti ticks on pets
Soap and water you can use to eradicate fleas in pets where fleas will shed with water after animal hair is dabbed. However, do not forget also to comb the head of the animal when disabuni. The goal is to avoid the lice from moving to the soap unharmed.
8. Multipurpose cleaners
Soap is alkaline and is combined with several minerals, such as baking soda, borax, or washing soda that can be used for a variety of clean-up jobs
what reaction happens to the making of soap ?
BalasHapusThe soap-making reaction is a saponification reaction that will produce soap as the main product and glycerine as a by-product. Glycerin as a by-product also has a selling point. Soap is a salt formed from fatty acids and alkalis. Low molecular weight soaps will be easier to dissolve and have a harder soap structure. The soap has a high solubility in water, but the soap does not dissolve into smaller particles, but dissolves in the form of ions
HapusIs there any other way of making soap besides saponification?
BalasHapusNothing because in making soap we have to use saponification reaction. Soap is a surfactant used with water for washing and cleaning. Soaps are usually in the form of printed solids called trunks because of their history and general shape. The use of liquid soap has also been widespread, especially in public facilities. Soap is made by saponification reaction, hirolisis reaction of fatty acid (animal fat or vegetable oil) by the presence of weak base (NaOH / KOH / NH4OH). The fat broodstock is called fatty acids consisting of long hydrocarbon chains (C12 to C18) that bind to form carboxyl groups. Short chain fatty acids are rarely used because it produces little busa.Padapembuatansabun, bahandasar commonly used are: C12 - C18
HapusIn the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Europeans used soap in medicine, for what was meant?
BalasHapusIn Europe, soap has started to be made in Naples at the end of the sixth century and in the eighth century soap production is increasingly prevalent in Italy and Spain. In the 800s, the region now known as Spain has become the world's leading soap maker. Science makes soap is then developed and penetrated the British islands in the 1200s. In the second half of the 15th century, the semi-professional soap industry appeared in several French regions: Provence, Toulon, Hyeres, and Marseille. The soap industry in the four regions supplied soap needs for the whole of France. Better soaps appeared in Europe in the 16th century using vegetable oils, such as olive oil instead of animal oil. While in the UK, the soap industry is concentrated in London. However, in England the forerunner of modern soap as we know it today was created
Hapuswhat is the negative impact if we used body soap for our face?
BalasHapusCommercial bath soaps generally contain many chemicals such as petroleum, synthetic chemical, and petrochemical (chemicals harmful) chemicals that can damage the skin and can be carcinogenic (cancer-causing). Meanwhile, soap for the face contains a variety of oils made from animal fat. As with soap for health there is TCC (trichloro carbanilide) Hypo-allergenic blend for cleansing fat and acne. Therefore, you should be careful when bathing because do not get body soap used for face soap. This is because the acidity levels generated by soap vary according to their use in parts of your body. What distinguishes face soap and body soap is its acidity, because the pH in our facial skin and body skin is not the same. The facial skin has a pH of 4.0-5.5 (slightly lower than skin pH of the body). If you often use soap as a facial cleanser, it can make your facial skin becomes dry, dull and even irritation. So make the face look less attractive. In principle, cleaning the skin with soap is to remove residue, dirt or oil so it must be done routinely and with a suitable soap, especially on the face
Hapus